Hopefully platform specific, other ports are welcome to check their scaling code.

Reported originally in p.beta-test (28 january 2012) by Cousin Ricky (email dropped)

Symptom: crash on start of second frame rendering
Environment: Unix, with display of rendered picture, rendered picture does not fit at 1:1 on the display

Demo (adjust the H/W to your setting to get them larger, both or any of them):

global_settings { assumed_gamma 1 }
light_source { <-1, 1, -1> * 1000, rgb 1 }
sphere { 2.5 * z, 1 pigment { red 1 } }

povray +H2000 +W2000 +KI0 +KF1 +KFI0 +KFF10 code.pov

I reinstall a system, (so ~/.povray was not existant), and then
installed povray from sources, as a normal user (excepted the
installation step):

$ ./configure ...
$ make
$ make check
$ sudo make install

I find these steps pretty much standard.

The problem I’m noticing is that the $HOME/.povray hierarchy get owned
by root (hey, it’s *MY* directory !). There is a chown in the Makefile
for the target files (povray.ini & povray.conf), as well as subtree but:

* povowner & povgroup are hard coded to 0 (I would expect a copy of the
owner & group of $HOME, wouldn’t I ?)

For getting povowner, I would suggest `stat -c “%u” $HOME`
For povgroup, `stat -c “%g” $HOME`

Are they portable enough ? (I could ask on Monday a Solaris system, but
I do not have bsd and the other flavours of unix)

(Stat is in section 1 of man, part of gnu coreutils, /usr/bin/stat)

Side note: This is fine to install for the local user, but new later
users could benefit also from a ~/.povray/3.7/ subtree ; what about also
filling the /etc/skel (when available) ? (and in /etc/skel, root owner
is fine!)

~scenes/advanced/optics.pov not rendering correctly. See the post in povray.beta-test “Photons not working as expected” for additional information.

POV-Ray fails to accept UTF-8 encoded files with a leading Byte Order Mark.

According to the code it was intended to recognize a leading BOM (or, more precisely, leading non-ASCII code sequences) and automatically switch to UTF-8, so this must be considered a bug rather than a missing feature.

When using mesh_camera type ‘0’

The first line of the mesh output seems to be repeated resulting in incorrect light colour values.

If the first line of the texture is skipped then the values seem to be correct.

The documentation states mesh_camera 0 should produce 1 pixel per index but it currently seems to produce 1 lighting pixel per face.

This output seems fairly meaningless as using this data for vertex colours (presumably the intention for mesh_camera 0) would result in a flat shaded model.

Logically it would make more sense to output 1 pixel per vertex instead of 1 pixel per face. Another solution might 1 pixel per face index (as per documentation) although POV would need to record which indices had already been computed otherwise it could end up duplicating computation.

At the moment I’ve written a code workaround for my exporter which produces a special mesh but this is obviously a much more complex solution to a fairly simple problem.

How to reproduce:

# An empty directory, an empty source file.
$ mkdir test && cd test && touch test.pov
# Generate the first 24 frames.
$ povray -D +KFF24 +Itest.pov +Otest.png
# Try to generate the 25th frame.
# `25' after `+KFF' can be changed to any integer greater than 24.
$ povray -D +C +KFF25 +Itest.pov +Otest.png

What happens:

==== [Parsing...] ==========================================================
Possible Parse Error: Cannot find file 'test.pov', even after trying to append
 file type extension.
Parse Error: Cannot open input file.
Fatal error in parser: Cannot parse input.
Render failed

OS: Gentoo AMD64 unstable
POV-Ray version: 3.7.0 rc5

Using POV-Ray 3.7 RC6 64bit for Windows
I have problems in the POV-Ray editor with ‘backspace’:

When using backspace at start of line
it does not only kill the return/line feed, but also
everything of the line what’s beneath the upper line.

Sample: (here ‘|’ is used for the current cursor position!)

//--------------------------------------
texture { pigment{ Red }
|         normal { bumps 0.5 scale 0.1 }
//--------------------------------------

hitting backspace results in:

//--------------------------------------
texture { pigment{ Red }| 0.5 scale 0.1 }
//--------------------------------------

and not as expected:

//--------------------------------------
texture { pigment{ Red }|         normal { bumps 0.5 scale 0.1 }
//--------------------------------------

With 3.6.2 and with RC3 (latest old beta I found on my computers)
this was no problem!

I already reported this on 17-Sept-2012 at
http://news.povray.org/povray.beta-test/thread/%3C5056f452%241%40news.povray.org%3E/

As I posted yesterday to the POV bugreports, I observed a bug with the #write directive, having forgotten the closing bracket. I looked a little bit closer and found different behaviours of POV with different array sizes.

With ArrayDim=100 (please look at the attached SDL-code, which is reduced as much as possible and produces only the bug and no scene) one get the Parse Error: “Expected ‘string’, End of File found instead” and the last line is highlighted. With ArrayDim=1024 you get an Stack Overflow and POV crashes.

I observed this at two different core i7 windows machines. On one of them (16 GB RAM, if this is of importance) the threshold between both behaviours was between 300 and 400. Hope this helps.

Best regards,
Michael

Output images are 0.5 pixels too right and 0.5 pixels too down (mesh_camera_bug.pov).

The error is cumulative when image files are used again as texture (run 10 times mesh_camera_bug_reuse.pov).

This can be compensated by adjusting UV maps (mesh_camera_fix.pov and mesh_camera_fix_reuse.pov).

Tested with and without anti-aliasing.

When running make on Linux, the backend source files (and possibly others?) are apparently compiled twice: first from the .../source/backend/ directory, and another time from the .../source/ directory. As an example, here are the corresponding lines for sphsweep.cpp:

g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../.. -I../.. -I../../source -I../../source -I../../source/base -I../../unix -I../../vfe 
-I../../vfe/unix -pthread -I/usr/include/OpenEXR    -pthread -I/usr/include  -pipe -Wno-multichar -Wno-write-strin
gs -fno-enforce-eh-specs -s -O3 -ffast-math -pthread -MT sphsweep.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sphsweep.Tpo -c -o sphsweep.
o `test -f 'shape/sphsweep.cpp' || echo './'`shape/sphsweep.cpp

g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I..  -I.. -I../source/backend -I../source/base -I../source/frontend -I../unix -I../vfe -I.
./vfe/unix -pthread -I/usr/include/OpenEXR    -pthread -I/usr/include  -pipe -Wno-multichar -Wno-write-strings -fno
-enforce-eh-specs -s -O3 -ffast-math -pthread -MT sphsweep.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sphsweep.Tpo -c -o sphsweep.o `test 
-f 'backend/shape/sphsweep.cpp' || echo './'`backend/shape/sphsweep.cpp

This is especially annoying on platforms that are rather slow at compiling.

Quoted strings as parameters to command-line options work on the command line but not in INI files; e.g.:

+i"test.pov"

Root cause has already been identified (actually the problem was found during code inspection) and a fix is under way.

Recently, I have been rendering an animation with POV-Ray 3.7 RC 6 using radiosity, photons and backside illumination. Many frames contained artefacts like in the attached image file. Trying to eliminate those artefacts I observed the following:

• Rendering the same frame several times did not reproduce the artefacts or reproduced them differently. I.e., when I rendered a second (third, fourth, ...) time with +SF100 +EF100, the black space in the image was somewhere else or in some cases disappeared.
• With radiosity turned off, no such artefacts have happened since, even in the scenes where they happened with radiosity turned on.
• Turning off photons with radiosity still turned on did not remove the artefacts.
• Rendering with one thread on one CPU core instead of two threads on two cores did not change anything except the rendering time.
• Changing the radiosity settings I have not tried thoroughly, but at least raising or lowering count or error_bound does not seem to have any effect on this.

While POV-Ray was rendering, no other memory-intensive or CPU-intensive programs were running and POV-Ray itself did not report any error (just the usual warnings that some of the used features could change in future versions etc.). Render priotity was set to “high”.

A pigment statement not wrapped in a texture statement does not properly override a pigment previously defined for the object. In the following SDL code:

  #declare PLANE = plane { y,0
    texture {
      pigment { checker color rgb 1 color rgb 0 scale 0.1 }
  } }
  object { PLANE
    pigment { checker color red 1 color blue 1 scale 1.0 }
  }

the scaling of the pigment previously specified for the PLANE object is retained for the new pigment. Compare:

  #declare PLANE = plane { y,0
    texture {
      pigment { checker color rgb 1 color rgb 0 scale 0.1 }
  } }
  object { PLANE
    texture {
      pigment { checker color red 1 color blue 1 scale 1.0 }
  } }

which behaves as expected.

The issue has been around at least since POV-Ray 3.6.2.

When aborting a render when there are unfinished blocks among finished ones, under certain conditions some of those blocks are skipped when continuing the render later.

The following scene has four spheres with different pigment color & filter settings:

- Left: filter 1
- Right: filter 0

- Top: red 0.0 green 0.5 blue 1.0
- Bottom: red 0.00 green 0.05 blue 0.10 (10% of the above)

Background is set to black, so that we only see the diffuse component of the object’s effective color.

Theoretically, both left spheres should be invisible, as they are fully transmissive (with a filtering effect), but apparently with a high filter setting, reducing an object’s pigment color actually increases the object’s effective diffuse color.

//+w600 +h600

global_settings{ assumed_gamma 1.0 }

camera {
  orthographic
  location  <0,0,-10>
  right 4*x
  up 4*y
  look_at   <0,0,0>
}

light_source{<10,10,-10> color rgb 1 parallel }

background { color rgb 0 }

default {
  finish {
    ambient 0
    diffuse 1
    specular 0
    phong 0
    reflection { 0.0 }
  }
}


sphere { <-1, 1, 0>, 0.8 texture { pigment { color rgb <0,0.5,1.0> filter 1.0 } } }
sphere { < 1, 1, 0>, 0.8 texture { pigment { color rgb <0,0.5,1.0> filter 0.0 } } }

sphere { <-1,-1, 0>, 0.8 texture { pigment { color rgb <0,0.5,1.0>*0.1 filter 1.0 } } }
sphere { < 1,-1, 0>, 0.8 texture { pigment { color rgb <0,0.5,1.0>*0.1 filter 0.0 } } }

This bug has been around in 3.6 already.

When using fade_distance and fade_power in combination with area_illumination, the light source fading is not applied to materials with subsurface scattering; see the following code for an example:

#version 3.7;
global_settings {
  assumed_gamma 1.0
  mm_per_unit 10
  subsurface { samples 200,20 }
}

camera {
  right x*image_width/image_height
  angle 30
  location  <0,1.5,-4>
  look_at   <0,0,0>
}

sky_sphere {
  pigment {
    gradient y
    color_map {
      [0.0 rgb <0.6,0.7,1.0>]
      [0.7 rgb <0.0,0.1,0.8>]
    }
  }
}

plane {
  y, 0
  texture {
    pigment {
      checker
      color rgb <1.0, 0.8, 0.6>
      color rgb <1.0, 0.0, 0.0>
      scale 0.5
    }
  }
}

light_source {
  <50,50,50>
  color rgb 30
  area_light 5*x,5*y,17,17 adaptive 1 jitter circular orient
  area_illumination on
  fade_distance 10
  fade_power 2
}

cylinder {
  <0,0,0>, <0,0.2,0> 1
  texture {
    pigment { color rgb 1 }
    finish {
      ambient 0
      diffuse 0.7
      specular albedo 0.3
      reflection { 0.3 fresnel }
      conserve_energy
      subsurface { translucency 0.1 }
    }
  }
  interior { ior 1.5 }
}

sphere {
  <0,0.4,0>, 0.2
  texture {
    pigment { color rgb <1,0.6,0.0> }
    finish {
      ambient 0
      diffuse 0.0
      specular albedo 0.8 metallic
      reflection { 1.0 metallic }
      conserve_energy
    }
  }
}

When using the ‘background’ directive with a transparent color, for example:

  background { color rgbt <0, 0, 0, 1> }

the final image is still opaque (both the one displayed in the render window and the PNG actually saved to disk).

Expected behaviour is for it to be transparent.

Currently neither of these pages:

  http://www.povray.org/documentation/view/3.7.0/253/

  http://www.povray.org/documentation/view/3.7.0/90/

mention that the background can be transparent. Any normal user will try to give “background { ... }” a transparent color, see that it doesn’t work, and assume that POV-ray can’t do it.

The pages should mention the +UA command-line option, which enables the transparency.

I cannot edit any pages on wiki.povray.org, even after confirming my e-mail address.

This means that I cannot add any documentation, help improve the documentation, fix errors or help in any other way.

If you want contributions to the documentation, you should let users edit pages.

Thread safety issue in functions using splines. 3.7.0.RC7.

First vetting in p.bugreports where several users were able to reproduce the fail on the following systems:

1) Ubuntu 12.1 i7 920 using 3.7.0.RC7
2) Ubuntu 12.04, AMD 2431 CPU, Linux 3.2.0-45 kernel using 3.7.0.RC7 (g++ 4.6 @x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
3) POV-Ray 3.7.0.RC7 (icpc 13.1.0 @x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)

 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 @ 2.70GHz

 uname -or
 2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64 GNU/Linux

 lsb_release -irc
 Distributor ID: CentOS
 Release:        6.3
 Codename:       Final

4) Confirmed with openSUSE 12.2.
5) Just to add to the system list: with Windows and a core i7 one yields the same result.
6) “Le_Forgeron” ran under Intel Inspector (XE 2013) and provided this feedback :

 ...
  that might be less than 60 seconds, but with Intel Inspector (XE 2013),
 it becomes 42:50 (just 14 data races, oh well, that's just so friendly).

 ID  Type Sources Modules State
 P1  Data race isosurf.cpp; mutex.hpp povray New
 P2  Data race mutex.hpp; povms.cpp povray New
 P3  Data race povray.cpp povray New
 P4  Data race povray.cpp povray New
 P5  Data race mutex.hpp; pov_mem.cpp; splines.cpp povray New
 P6  Data race mutex.hpp; pov_mem.cpp; splines.cpp povray New
 P7  Data race mutex.hpp; pov_mem.cpp; splines.cpp povray New
 P8  Data race recursive_mutex.hpp; scene.cpp; task.cpp; taskqueue.cpp;
 view.cpp povray New
 P9  Data race condition_variable.hpp; vfe.cpp; vfesession.cpp povray New
 P10  Data race condition_variable.hpp; unixconsole.cpp; vfesession.cpp
 povray New
 P11  Data race condition_variable.hpp; unixconsole.cpp; vfesession.cpp
 povray New
 P12  Data race unixconsole.cpp; vfesession.cpp; vfesession.h povray New
 P13  Data race unixconsole.cpp; vfesession.cpp povray New
 P14  Data race [Unknown]; unixconsole.cpp; vfesession.cpp
 libboost_thread.so.1.49.0; povray New

 Numbers 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 & 14 are related to the handling
 of session (and occur once or twice only, excepted #8, four times).

 Number 1 is about isosurface (adjusting gradient at isosurf.cpp:1099 vs
 1098 (testing its value), and copying the isosurface) (IMHO, rendering
 threads updating the object... not the best move without some
 atomic/protection (and not sure a DBL is/can be atomic)) (occurs 2505
 times).

 Number 5, 6 and 7 are about splines
 * sp->Cache_Type & Cache_Point, splines.cpp :803 vs :814/815 (2024 times)
 * sp->Cache_Valid, :805 vs :813 vs :904 (1770 times)
 * sp->Cache_Data, :807 vs :903 (5025 times)

 Only my 0.02¢ (yes, very cheap), but it seems to confirm

For test code see attached files or SplineThreadSafety.pov attachment to
p.bugreports and images were posted to p.b.images.

Issue shows up any time more than one thread is used. Use of AA tends to hide
the problem so do not use it if using the output image for testing.

Thanks.
Bill P.

From synthetic post of Cousin Ricky in p.beta-test, 2013-06-24 circa 3:19 pm (MST)

William F Pokorny anonymous@anonymous.org wrote:
> It seems to be the case the gradient warnings are only generated if the
> isosurface is naked. If it is wrapped in an object as was the case with
> my thread safety example, we get no warnings.

Confirmed. If only I still had the concentration required to investigate
computer code.

#version 3.7;

#ifndef (MG) #declare MG = 40/9; #end
#ifndef (Naked) #declare Naked = no; #end

global_settings
{ assumed_gamma 1
  radiosity {} //force isosurface calculations from all directions
}

light_source { <-3.3125, 7.6250, -5.7374>, rgb 1 }

camera
{ location <0.0000, 1.0000, -5.6713>
  look_at <-0.7969, 1.2000, -0.0598>
  angle 10.7447
}

#include "functions.inc"

#if (Naked)
  isosurface
  { function { f_sphere (x, 0, z, (2660 - 40*y) / 9) }
    contained_by { box { <-80, 31, -24>, <-128, 56, 24> } }
    max_gradient MG
    pigment { rgb <1, 0.75, 0> }
    scale 1/128
    rotate -35 * x
    translate y
  }
#else
  #declare Test = isosurface
  { function { f_sphere (x, 0, z, (2660 - 40*y) / 9) }
    contained_by { box { <-80, 31, -24>, <-128, 56, 24> } }
    max_gradient MG
    pigment { rgb <1, 0.75, 0> }
    scale 1/128
    rotate -35 * x
    translate y
  }
  object { Test }
#end

On the command line, try:

declare=MG=1 declare=Naked=1

and

declare=MG=1 declare=Naked=0

To lose the warning, I had to declare the isosurface. Just wrapping the naked
isosurface in an object{} generated a warning.

Further analysis

if((Stage == STAGE_SHUTDOWN) && (mginfo->refcnt == 0))

Using an end value of 1048576 or larger in a #for loop will cause the last iteration to be skipped, as can be demonstrated by the following code:

#declare N = 2000000;
#debug concat(”N = “,str(N, 0,50),”\n”)
#debug concat(”N-5 = “,str(N-5,0,50),”\n\n”)
#for (I, N-5, N, 1)

#debug concat("I   = ",str(I,0,50),"\n")

#end

(The limit was observed with a Win64 build; other builds may exhibit other limits or might even work fine, depending on the floating point engine used.)

As this limit is still far below the numeric precision limit, and a corresponding #while loop works fine with much higher values, this must be considered a bug rather than an inevitable limitation.

The bug can be tracked down to a faulty condition in tokenize.cpp, Parser::Parse_Directive(), CASE(END_TOKEN), case FOR_COND:

    if ( ((Step > 0) && (*CurrentPtr >= End + EPSILON)) ||
         ((Step < 0) && (*CurrentPtr <= End - EPSILON)) )

which should instead be:

    if ( ((Step > 0) && (*CurrentPtr > End + EPSILON)) ||
         ((Step < 0) && (*CurrentPtr < End - EPSILON)) )

I’ve recently been working with the netpbm ppm format and I have hit what I believe to be a bug in the way ppm files are read – very likely a bug in all netpbm formats. I am aware of the long standing povray issue with the netpbm file formats header where the height and width need to be on the same line as the magic number though that is not a requirement of the official format. This bug is different.

Namely in working with a larger number of ppm files I hit cases where a few would fail with the message : “Possible Parse Error: Unexpected EOF in PPM file” though the ppm files are fine. What is happening is that the first byte of data after the line feed (LF) (Ubuntu linux 12.04) happens to have a carriage return (CR) value.

The code which is set up to interpret the netpbm headers is reading a lines with “file→getline (line, 1024);” and this line reading code is pulling in the first byte of data with the CR value as part of the line. When the read by binary data, 8 or 16 bits at a time, starts, the povray read code is offset into the data by one byte too many.

The result from 10,000 meters, if input values were completely random file to file, would be netpbm read fails for size that make no sense in 1/256 files. In practice & depending on data some might never see fails while an unfortunate few might almost always fail.

I’d make some argument any CR following a LF character should not be pulled in as part of the line read even on windows/dos systems where CRLF is the usual line termination order. I think though the real fix is better netpbm header reading code which more strictly breaks apart the header on the first whitespace character doing the last depth break, aware of the file size, so it can decide what portion of any valid sequence of whitespce characters after the decimal depth value is data and not whitespace.

The attached tarball when unpacked has both a passing and failing case. To run “povray fails.pov” or “povray works.pov”. The only difference between the two ppm files if the fails.ppm data is all 0x0D while works.ppm data bytes are all 0x0C. The image rendered is meaningless.

Thanks for your time.
Bill P.

Due to a recent thread in povray.general (7th September 2013), I dive
into the code of height field creation.

There is 2 TODO in source/backend/support/imageutil.cpp, for
image_height_at() (circa line 512)

The first one is about using the index of palette-image: As far as *257
would indeed perform a better job to cover the full range than *256, it
would break backward compatibility with previous versions of povray (3.6
included) which only promoted the index as the Most significant byte,
keeping the least one at 0.

But on the second one, the new formula is plain wrong: (r*255+g)*255
should be (r*256+g)*255.
In previous versions, r*255 was the Most significant byte, and g*255 was
the least one.
Ergo, the value was r*255*256 + g*255, which can and should be only
factored as (r*256+g)*255;

I know it is damn late in the release schedule, but can that be either
be fixed before final official delivery or a memo added to the release
note that it would be fixed later and backward-bug will not be
maintained for that specific point (using rgb-8 or less bit per
channel-image for height field)

(it was not bugged in 3.6.1 nor before, it’s just that tiny little bit
of 3.7 that would should that bug)

If you look carefully at the attached pictures (povray +I... +H700 +W700 +A0.01) of scene and scene36, there is a significant difference at the top.
With 3.6, it matched exactly (hence the noise on the top pixels row) the view.
With 3.7, it cannot reach the top and leave a white area
(another difference is the slope on the side are also a bit more lower with 3.7, easier to spot when alternating the display of both pictures)

If you want to regenerate hf.png, it was rendered with povray 3.7RC7, +W400 +H400 +A0.01 +Ihf.pov

The white line at the bottom is expected, as the minimal value of the height field is “full green”

In gif.cpp (source/base/image), circa line 150:

			case ',': /* Start of image object. Get description. */
				for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
				{
					if ((data = file->Read_Byte()) == EOF)
						throw POV_EXCEPTION(kFileDataErr, "Unexpected EOF reading GIF file");
					buffer[i] = (unsigned char) data;
				}

				/* Check "interlaced" bit. */
				if ((buffer[9] & 0x40) != 0)
					throw POV_EXCEPTION(kFileDataErr, "Interlacing in GIF image unsupported");

The loop reads the 9 bytes of the Image Block, but is testing the tenth byte for interlacing.

Reference for image format: http://www.onicos.com/staff/iz/formats/gif.html#ib

When the gif is generated by Gimp, the Image block is preceded by the comment block which default to “Created with GIMP”... the comment is read in the buffer, and the “i” will be in buffer[9], any letter after @ will indeed block povray.

This bug was not present in 3.1g nor in 3.6.1 (due to different source to handle gif).

If not created by Gimp, or with shorter comment, the content of buffer[9] is more random, yet it might trigger the bug depending on the previous blocks and their handling.

As the following scene demonstrates, the “inverse” keyword produces unexpected results with quadrics.

Left: a sphere primitive as reference
Right: a sphere-shaped quadric primitive (sphere-shaped)

Top: plain
Bottom: inverse

The objects are clipped in half to better demonstrate the effect. Regular texture is shown in white, interior_texture in red; the surface normal of a selected point (blue) as returned by trace() is shown in green.

Note how the sphere’s surface normal, as well as the textures, are flipped when “inverse” is used (this is the intended standard behaviour of all objects), while the quadric’s normal and textures erroneously remain uchanged.

// +w800 +h600

#version 3.7;

global_settings{ assumed_gamma 1.0 }

#default{ finish { ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.9 specular 0.5 }} 

camera {
  perspective
  angle 40
  right     x*image_width/image_height
  location  <0,0,-10>
  look_at   <0,0,0>
}

light_source{ < 1000,3000,-3000> color rgb 1 }

background { color rgb 0.5 }

#declare T_White = texture { pigment { color rgb   1 } }
#declare T_Red   = texture { pigment { color red   1 } }
#declare T_Green = texture { pigment { color green 1 } }
#declare T_Blue  = texture { pigment { color blue  1 } }

#declare TopLeft     = sphere { 0, 1 }
#declare BottomLeft  = sphere { 0, 1 inverse }

#declare TopRight    = quadric { <1,1,1>, <0,0,0>, <0,0,0>, -1 }
#declare BottomRight = quadric { <1,1,1>, <0,0,0>, <0,0,0>, -1 inverse }

#macro Mac(Obj, P, D)
  union {
    #local N = <0,0,0>;
    #local O = <-0.6,0.4,-10>;
    #local Q = trace(Obj, O, D, N);
    #if (vlength(N) > 0)
      sphere { Q, 0.05 texture { T_Blue } }
      cylinder { Q, Q + N, 0.02 texture { T_Green } }
    #else
      cylinder { O, O + D*10000, 0.02 texture { T_Red } }
    #end
    object { Obj texture { T_White } interior_texture { T_Red } clipped_by { box { <-1,-1,-1>, <0,1,1> rotate y*30 } } }
    translate P
  }
#end

Mac(TopLeft,     <-1.2, 1.2, 0>, z)
Mac(TopRight,    < 1.2, 1.2, 0>, z)
Mac(BottomLeft,  <-1.2,-1.2, 0>, z)
Mac(BottomRight, < 1.2,-1.2, 0>, z)

As the following scene demonstrates, the “inverse” keyword produces unexpected results with fractals.

Left: a sphere primitive as reference
Right: a julia fractal

Top: plain
Bottom: inverse

The objects are clipped in half to better demonstrate the effect. Regular texture is shown in white, interior_texture in red; the surface normal of a selected point (blue) as returned by trace() is shown in green.

Note how the sphere’s surface normal, as well as the textures, are flipped when “inverse” is used (this is the intended standard behaviour of all objects), while the fractal’s normal and textures erroneously remain uchanged.

// +w800 +h600

#version 3.7;

global_settings{ assumed_gamma 1.0 }

#default{ finish { ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.9 specular 0.5 }} 

camera {
  perspective
  angle 40
  right     x*image_width/image_height
  location  <0,0,-10>
  look_at   <0,0,0>
}

light_source{ < 1000,3000,-3000> color rgb 1 }

background { color rgb 0.5 }

#declare T_White = texture { pigment { color rgb   1 } }
#declare T_Red   = texture { pigment { color red   1 } }
#declare T_Green = texture { pigment { color green 1 } }
#declare T_Blue  = texture { pigment { color blue  1 } }

#declare TopLeft     = sphere { 0, 1 }
#declare BottomLeft  = object { TopLeft inverse }

#declare TopRight    = julia_fractal{ <-0.083,0.0,-0.83,-0.025> quaternion sqr max_iteration 8 precision 20 scale 0.9 }
#declare BottomRight = object { TopRight inverse }

#macro Mac(Obj, P, D)
  union {
    #local N = <0,0,0>;
    #local O = <-0.6,0.4,-10>;
    #local Q = trace(Obj, O, D, N);
    #if (vlength(N) > 0)
      sphere { Q, 0.05 texture { T_Blue } }
      cylinder { Q, Q + N, 0.02 texture { T_Green } }
    #else
      cylinder { O, O + D*10000, 0.02 texture { T_Red } }
    #end
    object { Obj texture { T_White } interior_texture { T_Red } clipped_by { box { <-2,-2,-2>, <0,2,2> rotate y*30 } } }
    translate P
  }
#end

Mac(TopLeft,     <-1.2, 1.2, 0>, z)
Mac(TopRight,    < 1.2, 1.2, 0>, z)
Mac(BottomLeft,  <-1.2,-1.2, 0>, z)
Mac(BottomRight, < 1.2,-1.2, 0>, z)

Reported in p.beta-test by James Dietrich (2013-12-12)

when the display window must be scaled (because one or both dimensions are larger than the actual screen), the ratio of scale might be too large in some occasion, performing a memory corruption in two places and usually crashing povray.

How to reproduce, with a 1920×1080 display (or 1920×1200):

povray +W2596 +H1003 +Ispiral.pov +Ospiral.png +D

The following scene demonstrates how media sampling method 3 gives inaccurate results with scattering media.

The scene shows four spheres with uniform media, using (left to right) sampling methods 1, 2 and 3 with default settings, and sampling method 3 with high minimum sample count, respectively.

Note how changing the sample count significantly affects the result, despite the media being uniform.

Code analysis shows that the root cause is an underestimation of the extinction effect on the light scattered by the media, corresponding in order of magnitude to half the distance between mandatory samples (as defined by minimum sample count).

The effect also leads to visible artifacts when nesting hollow objects inside the media, as can be demonstrated by un-commenting the four smaller spheres.

#version 3.7;

camera {
  perspective angle 25
  location  <0.0 , 0.0 ,-20.0>
  right     x*image_width/image_height
  look_at   <0.0 , 0.0 , 0.0>
}

light_source {
  <0,3000,-3000> color rgb 1
}

background { color rgb 0.5 }

plane {
  <0,1,0>, -1
  texture { pigment { checker color rgb<1,1,1>*1.2 color rgb<0.25,0.15,0.1>*0 } }
}

#declare T_Transparent = texture {
  pigment { color rgbt <1,1,1,1> } finish { diffuse 1 }
}

sphere { <-3,0,0>, 1.00 
  texture { T_Transparent }
  hollow
  interior {
    media {
      scattering { 1 color rgb 2 extinction 1 }
      method 1
    }
  }
}

sphere { <-1,0,0>, 1.00 
  texture { T_Transparent }
  hollow
  interior {
    media {
      scattering { 1 color rgb 2 extinction 1 }
      method 2
    }
  }
}

sphere { <1,0,0>, 1.00 
  texture { T_Transparent }
  hollow
  interior {
    media {
      scattering { 1 color rgb 2 extinction 1 }
      method 3
    }
  }
}

sphere { <3,0,0>, 1.00 
  texture { T_Transparent }
  hollow
  interior {
    media {
      scattering { 1 color rgb 2 extinction 1 }
      method 3
      samples 100
    }
  }
}

/*
sphere { <-3,0,0>,0.8 texture { T_Transparent } hollow }
sphere { <-1,0,0>,0.8 texture { T_Transparent } hollow }
sphere { < 1,0,0>,0.8 texture { T_Transparent } hollow }
sphere { < 3,0,0>,0.8 texture { T_Transparent } hollow }
*/

Hi,

when I’m trying to render a scene on my MacBook Air with the following .ini-settings, I get a failed assertion and the program halts.

Here are the .ini-Settings:

Width=640
Height=480

Test_Abort=Off
Continue_Trace=On
Pause_When_Done=Off
Verbose=On
Draw_Vistas=Off
Sampling_Method=1
Quality=9
Jitter=Off
Display=Off
Buffer_Output=Off
Debug_File=false

Final_Frame=10

This is the failed assertion:

Assertion failed: 1), function SetRGBFTValue, file image/image.cpp, l

Oddly, if I change width and height to something very small like 320×200, it works.

This is the complete stack trace:

Process: povray [11188]
Path: /opt/local/bin/povray
Identifier: povray
Version: ??? (???)
Code Type: X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process: bash [11184]

Date/Time: 2014-03-07 14:44:04.423 +0100
OS Version: Mac OS X 10.7.5 (11G63)
Report Version: 9

Interval Since Last Report: 708124 sec
Crashes Since Last Report: 23
Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 21
Anonymous UUID: FB98BF62-1511-4E59-94F3-E89C04491CA5

Crashed Thread: 3

Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes: 0×0000000000000000, 0×0000000000000000

Application Specific Information:
objc[11188]: garbage collection is OFF
Assertion failed: 2), function SetRGBFTValue, file image/image.cpp, line 1827.

Thread 0:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134bca psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90454274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 povray 0x000000010eba589d bool boost::condition_variable_any::do_wait_until<boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> >(boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex>&, timespec const&) + 77
3 povray 0x000000010eba0846 vfe::vfeSession::GetStatus(bool, int) + 198
4 povray 0x000000010ebc0147 SDL_main + 3511
5 povray 0x000000010ed4d621 -[SDLMain applicationDidFinishLaunching:] + 49
6 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc3ad0e -[NSNotificationCenter addObserver:selector:name:object:]_block_invoke_1 + 47
7 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8fcda7ba _CFXNotificationPost + 2634
8 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc26fc3 -[NSNotificationCenter postNotificationName:object:userInfo:] + 65
9 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef08e2b -[NSApplication _postDidFinishNotification] + 212
10 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef08b91 -[NSApplication _sendFinishLaunchingNotification] + 78
11 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef07858 -[NSApplication(NSAppleEventHandling) _handleAEOpenEvent:] + 242
12 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef075b9 -[NSApplication(NSAppleEventHandling) _handleCoreEvent:withReplyEvent:] + 330
13 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8fd24541 -[NSObject performSelector:withObject:withObject:] + 65
14 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc5d7c7 -[NSAppleEventManager setEventHandler:andSelector:forEventClass:andEventID:]_block_invoke_1 + 101
15 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc5c74e -[NSAppleEventManager dispatchRawAppleEvent:withRawReply:handlerRefCon:] + 283
16 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc5c5dc _NSAppleEventManagerGenericHandler + 105
17 com.apple.AE 0x00007fff91d02c25 aeDispatchAppleEvent(AEDesc const*, AEDesc*, unsigned int, unsigned char*) + 200
18 com.apple.AE 0x00007fff91d02b03 _ZL25dispatchEventAndSendReplyPK6AEDescPS_ + 38
19 com.apple.AE 0x00007fff91d029f7 aeProcessAppleEvent + 250
20 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff8a57bb69 AEProcessAppleEvent + 102
21 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef049c5 _DPSNextEvent + 1247
22 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef0407d -[NSApplication nextEventMatchingMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 135
23 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef009b9 -[NSApplication run] + 470
24 povray 0x000000010ed4dc40 main + 1280
25 povray 0x000000010eb78744 start + 52 Thread 1:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff961357e6 kevent + 10
1 libdispatch.dylib 0x00007fff8c8d6786 _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 923
2 libdispatch.dylib 0x00007fff8c8d5316 _dispatch_mgr_thread + 54 Thread 2:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96135036 sigwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90406aab sigwait + 68
2 povray 0x000000010ebbe222 SignalHandler() + 66
3 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
4 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 3 Crashed:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134ce2 pthread_kill + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904527d2 pthread_kill + 95
2 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90443a7a abort + 143
3 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904765de assert_rtn + 146
4 povray 0x000000010ed2232b pov_base::RGBFTImage<std::vector<float, std::allocator<float> > >::SetRGBFTValue(unsigned int, unsigned int, float, float, float, float, float) + 171
5 povray 0x000000010ecf4d51 pov_frontend::ImageMessageHandler::DrawPixelBlockSet(pov_frontend::SceneData const&, pov_frontend::ViewData const&, POVMS_Object&) + 2529
6 povray 0x000000010eb98d46 pov_frontend::RenderFrontend<vfe::vfeParserMessageHandler, pov_frontend::FileMessageHandler, vfe::vfeRenderMessageHandler, pov_frontend::ImageMessageHandler>::HandleImageMessage(pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::Id, unsigned int, POVMS_Object&) + 310
7 povray 0x000000010ece78a1 pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::ContinueBackup(POVMS_Object&, pov_frontend::ViewData&, pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::Id, int&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >&, pov_base::Path const&) + 1265
8 povray 0x000000010eb92f01 pov_frontend::RenderFrontend<vfe::vfeParserMessageHandler, pov_frontend::FileMessageHandler, vfe::vfeRenderMessageHandler, pov_frontend::ImageMessageHandler>::StartRender(pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::Id, POVMS_Object&) + 865
9 povray 0x000000010eb8f4a9 vfe::VirtualFrontEnd::Process() + 5129
10 povray 0x000000010eb9f46e vfe::vfeSession::ProcessFrontend() + 30
11 povray 0x000000010eb9fb8f vfe::vfeSession::WorkerThread() + 1279
12 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
13 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
14 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 4:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134bca psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90454274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 povray 0x000000010eba589d bool boost::condition_variable_any::do_wait_until<boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex> >(boost::unique_lock<boost::mutex>&, timespec const&) + 77
3 povray 0x000000010eb87d26 vfe::SysQNode::Receive(int*, bool) + 214
4 povray 0x000000010ecf6e39 POVMS_ProcessMessages(void*, bool, bool) + 201
5 povray 0x000000010ebc34f3 (anonymous namespace)::MainThreadFunction(boost::function0<void> const&) + 259
6 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
7 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
8 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13 Thread 5:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134bca psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90454274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 povray 0x000000010ebd60f4 void boost::condition_variable_any::wait<boost::unique_lock<boost::recursive_mutex> >(boost::unique_lock<boost::recursive_mutex>&) + 68
3 povray 0x000000010ebd5ffd pov::TaskQueue::Process() + 1421
4 povray 0x000000010ec03088 pov::Scene::ParserControlThread() + 40
5 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
7 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 3 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):

rax: 0x0000000000000000  rbx: 0x0000000000000006  rcx: 0x0000000112d74408  rdx: 0x0000000000000000
rdi: 0x0000000000006f03  rsi: 0x0000000000000006  rbp: 0x0000000112d74430  rsp: 0x0000000112d74408
 r8: 0x00007fff7a13afb8   r9: 0x0000000000000723  r10: 0x00007fff96134d0a  r11: 0xffffff80002dad60
r12: 0x000000010ed9fd23  r13: 0x000000010f3cb000  r14: 0x0000000112d75000  r15: 0x000000010ed9faf5
rip: 0x00007fff96134ce2  rfl: 0x0000000000000246  cr2: 0x000000010f3cb000

Logical CPU: 0

Binary Images:

     0x10eb77000 -        0x10edf2fff +povray (??? - ???) <907923FC-1CA9-3125-A8D4-E6C7F0DF1951> /opt/local/bin/povray
     0x10ef73000 -        0x10efc9ff7 +libSDL-1.2.0.dylib (12.4.0 - compatibility 12.0.0) <63771EDE-135A-398E-8AE7-3CB843CE10E7> /opt/local/lib/libSDL-1.2.0.dylib
     0x10efe8000 -        0x10eff4ff7 +libXpm.4.dylib (16.0.0 - compatibility 16.0.0) <2F6BD59E-E16F-300D-AA09-71F8A97AE907> /opt/local/lib/libXpm.4.dylib
     0x10effa000 -        0x10efffff7 +libSM.6.dylib (7.1.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <BABB8D11-A7B7-37CD-A70F-DF94180B3F9C> /opt/local/lib/libSM.6.dylib
     0x10f003000 -        0x10f014ff7 +libICE.6.dylib (10.0.0 - compatibility 10.0.0) <4B372A07-054D-3B0F-A15F-428D4D491A85> /opt/local/lib/libICE.6.dylib
     0x10f022000 -        0x10f128fff +libX11.6.dylib (10.0.0 - compatibility 10.0.0) <382A15EE-B562-36CD-BDCB-D21A367E0AC1> /opt/local/lib/libX11.6.dylib
     0x10f150000 -        0x10f1f7ff7 +libIlmImf.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <B4182C14-085B-332D-B49D-6DD0581A3DB2> /opt/local/lib/libIlmImf.6.dylib
     0x10f232000 -        0x10f243fff +libz.1.dylib (1.2.8 - compatibility 1.0.0) <2FA66C30-65DE-3D33-9014-73C171F82CC1> /opt/local/lib/libz.1.dylib
     0x10f24b000 -        0x10f24ffff +libImath.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <4CC9BC46-14DD-3857-843C-252DFE3E6C85> /opt/local/lib/libImath.6.dylib
     0x10f258000 -        0x10f299ff7 +libHalf.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <B1DAC1AA-0B9C-3937-8B1F-A3DA53BB6DCD> /opt/local/lib/libHalf.6.dylib
     0x10f29e000 -        0x10f2a5ff7 +libIex.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <AE2EBEF8-D014-3F81-B6E5-04FF7CE4BFD8> /opt/local/lib/libIex.6.dylib
     0x10f2b5000 -        0x10f2b8ff7 +libIlmThread.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <4952CFB4-08AB-38BB-A12C-D1EBC1279274> /opt/local/lib/libIlmThread.6.dylib
     0x10f2bd000 -        0x10f31eff7 +libtiff.5.dylib (8.0.0 - compatibility 8.0.0) <178F87DE-0349-3A3F-B9B8-498F6CC81880> /opt/local/lib/libtiff.5.dylib
     0x10f32c000 -        0x10f361fff +libjpeg.9.dylib (10.0.0 - compatibility 10.0.0) <FD880310-8758-3D66-81AF-36916F505B56> /opt/local/lib/libjpeg.9.dylib
     0x10f36f000 -        0x10f393fff +libpng15.15.dylib (33.0.0 - compatibility 33.0.0) <8A144BC2-8438-3CD4-9C32-D79E6B999B5D> /opt/local/lib/libpng15.15.dylib
     0x10f39e000 -        0x10f3acfff +libboost_thread-mt.dylib (??? - ???) <90D975FD-5D2C-315E-8AC5-D487AA0A6356> /opt/local/lib/libboost_thread-mt.dylib
     0x10f3d0000 -        0x10f3d3ff7 +libboost_system-mt.dylib (??? - ???) <34DAECFB-23EC-388A-8B14-C23B24DB9F43> /opt/local/lib/libboost_system-mt.dylib
     0x10f3d9000 -        0x10f3e1fff +libXrandr.2.dylib (5.0.0 - compatibility 5.0.0) <B410D479-DF82-30C8-A2AB-83ACDD4B0768> /opt/local/lib/libXrandr.2.dylib
     0x10f3e9000 -        0x10f3f5ff7 +libXext.6.dylib (11.0.0 - compatibility 11.0.0) <5E2FBA3C-F7C7-3753-A93F-7E4914A1E741> /opt/local/lib/libXext.6.dylib
     0x10f401000 -        0x10f407ff7 +libXrender.1.dylib (5.0.0 - compatibility 5.0.0) <38B4C91D-606B-3754-8ED8-5EC0B7A2384A> /opt/local/lib/libXrender.1.dylib
     0x10f40c000 -        0x10f421ff7 +libxcb.1.dylib (3.0.0 - compatibility 3.0.0) <413E6D1B-AEFE-3569-9A63-B672A8B38FAD> /opt/local/lib/libxcb.1.dylib
     0x10f432000 -        0x10f433fff +libXau.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <6A7B9112-128C-32C1-A1D7-38D0B93E1E35> /opt/local/lib/libXau.6.dylib
     0x10f437000 -        0x10f43afe7 +libXdmcp.6.dylib (7.0.0 - compatibility 7.0.0) <6B7DEE53-1C33-3B57-AF4E-5D47402C89ED> /opt/local/lib/libXdmcp.6.dylib
     0x10f43d000 -        0x10f446fff +libintl.8.dylib (10.2.0 - compatibility 10.0.0) <1BC778A5-CD8D-371B-B16C-251853631275> /opt/local/lib/libintl.8.dylib
     0x10f451000 -        0x10f549ff7 +libiconv.2.dylib (8.1.0 - compatibility 8.0.0) <5E426CF4-4755-31A1-8A3A-6B332E8CF0FC> /opt/local/lib/libiconv.2.dylib
     0x10f557000 -        0x10f574fff +liblzma.5.dylib (6.5.0 - compatibility 6.0.0) <D7F4E560-AF1A-390D-BEF1-D1866B7810FC> /opt/local/lib/liblzma.5.dylib
  0x7fff6e777000 -     0x7fff6e7abbaf  dyld (195.6 - ???) <C58DAD8A-4B00-3676-8637-93D6FDE73147> /usr/lib/dyld
  0x7fff893c0000 -     0x7fff89428ff7  com.apple.audio.CoreAudio (4.0.3 - 4.0.3) <9987DC46-2A96-3BA0-B88B-04E573C0AD9B> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreAudio.framework/Versions/A/CoreAudio
  0x7fff89429000 -     0x7fff8942afff  libunc.dylib (24.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <337960EE-0A85-3DD0-A760-7134CF4C0AFF> /usr/lib/system/libunc.dylib
  0x7fff8942b000 -     0x7fff89436fff  com.apple.CommonAuth (2.2 - 2.0) <77E6F0D0-85B6-30B5-B99C-F57104DD2EBA> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CommonAuth.framework/Versions/A/CommonAuth
  0x7fff89437000 -     0x7fff8953cfff  libFontParser.dylib (??? - ???) <D2E56B6E-3182-3667-A78C-4172C435523A> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ATS.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libFontParser.dylib
  0x7fff8953f000 -     0x7fff8953ffff  com.apple.Carbon (153 - 153) <C1A30E01-E113-38A0-95CA-99360F92A37A> /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Carbon
  0x7fff89540000 -     0x7fff89545fff  libcompiler_rt.dylib (6.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <98ECD5F6-E85C-32A5-98CD-8911230CB66A> /usr/lib/system/libcompiler_rt.dylib
  0x7fff89546000 -     0x7fff89549fff  libCoreVMClient.dylib (??? - ???) <28CB0F3F-A202-391F-8CAC-FC9A1398A962> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libCoreVMClient.dylib
  0x7fff8954a000 -     0x7fff89598fff  libauto.dylib (??? - ???) <D8AC8458-DDD0-3939-8B96-B6CED81613EF> /usr/lib/libauto.dylib
  0x7fff8959a000 -     0x7fff895bbfff  libPng.dylib (??? - ???) <E2B52527-4D0C-3595-BB13-8E8EF364E998> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libPng.dylib
  0x7fff895bc000 -     0x7fff896c3fe7  libsqlite3.dylib (9.6.0 - compatibility 9.0.0) <EE02BB01-64C9-304D-9719-A35F5CD6D04C> /usr/lib/libsqlite3.dylib
  0x7fff897fb000 -     0x7fff898aeff7  com.apple.CoreText (220.22.0 - ???) <A7A1096F-A211-3775-BA33-08FE98D27F08> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreText.framework/Versions/A/CoreText
  0x7fff8a1b0000 -     0x7fff8a202ff7  libGLU.dylib (??? - ???) <DB906997-0F70-3469-BA0E-2F1DDBEAD8D5> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLU.dylib
  0x7fff8a361000 -     0x7fff8a4c8fff  com.apple.CFNetwork (520.5.1 - 520.5.1) <08F70E26-5456-3BFB-8192-00D3CE40D3C9> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CFNetwork.framework/Versions/A/CFNetwork
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  0x7fff91ff6000 -     0x7fff91ff6fff  com.apple.vecLib (3.7 - vecLib 3.7) <9A58105C-B36E-35B5-812C-4ED693F2618F> /System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/vecLib
  0x7fff91ff7000 -     0x7fff92005ff7  libkxld.dylib (??? - ???) <01161870-E3B3-3F87-BA4A-0AA7A081F409> /usr/lib/system/libkxld.dylib
  0x7fff9227f000 -     0x7fff922a7fff  com.apple.PerformanceAnalysis (1.11 - 11) <8D4C6382-DD92-37A2-BCFC-E89951320848> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PerformanceAnalysis.framework/Versions/A/PerformanceAnalysis
  0x7fff92434000 -     0x7fff9243bff7  com.apple.CommerceCore (1.0 - 17) <3894FE48-EDCE-30E9-9796-E2F959D92704> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CommerceKit.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CommerceCore.framework/Versions/A/CommerceCore
  0x7fff9243c000 -     0x7fff9243fff7  com.apple.securityhi (4.0 - 1) <7146CB8E-B754-3B0E-A74E-77E9138A81C5> /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SecurityHI.framework/Versions/A/SecurityHI
  0x7fff92483000 -     0x7fff924a9fff  com.apple.framework.familycontrols (3.0 - 300) <6F0C58C0-22E7-3877-8CFA-1ED0CB3CE38B> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/FamilyControls.framework/Versions/A/FamilyControls
  0x7fff927ea000 -     0x7fff927ebfff  liblangid.dylib (??? - ???) <CACBE3C3-2F7B-3EED-B50E-EDB73F473B77> /usr/lib/liblangid.dylib
  0x7fff9287f000 -     0x7fff928d7ff7  libTIFF.dylib (??? - ???) <59353B7F-EA9A-32D5-A501-283443B30C60> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libTIFF.dylib
  0x7fff928d8000 -     0x7fff92933ff7  com.apple.opencl (2.0.19 - 2.0.19) <B05BF605-73B8-328F-A228-6FA59E1FC73A> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/OpenCL
  0x7fff92934000 -     0x7fff9296efe7  com.apple.DebugSymbols (2.1 - 87) <ED2B177C-4146-3715-91DF-D99A8ED5449A> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DebugSymbols.framework/Versions/A/DebugSymbols
  0x7fff9296f000 -     0x7fff929e5ff7  libc++.1.dylib (28.4.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <A24FC3DA-4FFA-3DD2-9DCC-2B8D1B3BF97C> /usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib
  0x7fff92a0f000 -     0x7fff92a1cfff  libCSync.A.dylib (600.0.0 - compatibility 64.0.0) <72C53E7B-C222-3BE5-9984-FDC328CC4846> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libCSync.A.dylib
  0x7fff92a1d000 -     0x7fff92a71ff7  com.apple.ScalableUserInterface (1.0 - 1) <33563775-C662-313D-B7FA-3D575A9F3D41> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ScalableUserInterface.framework/Versions/A/ScalableUserInterface
  0x7fff92d9a000 -     0x7fff92d9bff7  libremovefile.dylib (21.1.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <739E6C83-AA52-3C6C-A680-B37FE2888A04> /usr/lib/system/libremovefile.dylib
  0x7fff93205000 -     0x7fff9327bfff  com.apple.CoreSymbolication (2.2 - 73.2) <126415E3-3A35-315B-B4B7-507CDBED0D58> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CoreSymbolication.framework/Versions/A/CoreSymbolication
  0x7fff9338e000 -     0x7fff93602fff  com.apple.CoreImage (7.99.1 - 1.0.1) <4BB09B79-275B-364C-9466-0FF36ABB1218> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreImage.framework/Versions/A/CoreImage
  0x7fff93603000 -     0x7fff9360cff7  libsystem_notify.dylib (80.1.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <A4D651E3-D1C6-3934-AD49-7A104FD14596> /usr/lib/system/libsystem_notify.dylib
  0x7fff9360d000 -     0x7fff93624fff  com.apple.MultitouchSupport.framework (231.4 - 231.4) <559C1AFB-E0B4-3D23-9189-18DE09C06FFE> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MultitouchSupport.framework/Versions/A/MultitouchSupport
  0x7fff9369b000 -     0x7fff9369bfff  com.apple.CoreServices (53 - 53) <043C8026-8EDD-3241-B090-F589E24062EF> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/CoreServices
  0x7fff936c8000 -     0x7fff936cbfff  libRadiance.dylib (??? - ???) <CD89D70D-F177-3BAE-8A26-644EA7D5E28E> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageIO.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libRadiance.dylib
  0x7fff936d9000 -     0x7fff93719ff7  libcups.2.dylib (2.9.0 - compatibility 2.0.0) <7D2E5016-A960-3ADE-B042-F74063E79550> /usr/lib/libcups.2.dylib
  0x7fff93761000 -     0x7fff937adff7  com.apple.SystemConfiguration (1.11.3 - 1.11) <131780ED-E8DD-3153-81F2-5FEC4F6554C2> /System/Library/Frameworks/SystemConfiguration.framework/Versions/A/SystemConfiguration
  0x7fff937ae000 -     0x7fff937b4ff7  libunwind.dylib (30.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <1E9C6C8C-CBE8-3F4B-A5B5-E03E3AB53231> /usr/lib/system/libunwind.dylib
  0x7fff937b5000 -     0x7fff93811ff7  com.apple.HIServices (1.21 - ???) <B012EE97-D1CD-3F4B-812D-9AC7E6852FE6> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIServices.framework/Versions/A/HIServices
  0x7fff93812000 -     0x7fff93818fff  libmacho.dylib (800.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <165514D7-1BFA-38EF-A151-676DCD21FB64> /usr/lib/system/libmacho.dylib
  0x7fff93819000 -     0x7fff9384cff7  com.apple.GSS (2.2 - 2.0) <971395D0-B9D0-3FDE-B23F-6F9D0A2FB95F> /System/Library/Frameworks/GSS.framework/Versions/A/GSS
  0x7fff9384d000 -     0x7fff93857ff7  liblaunch.dylib (392.39.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <8C235D13-2928-30E5-9E12-2CC3D6324AE2> /usr/lib/system/liblaunch.dylib
  0x7fff93858000 -     0x7fff93865ff7  libbz2.1.0.dylib (1.0.5 - compatibility 1.0.0) <3373D310-3B10-3DD1-B754-B7B138CD448D> /usr/lib/libbz2.1.0.dylib
  0x7fff93885000 -     0x7fff939bbfff  com.apple.vImage (5.1 - 5.1) <A08B7582-67BC-3EED-813A-4833645964A7> /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vImage.framework/Versions/A/vImage
  0x7fff939bc000 -     0x7fff939e7ff7  libxslt.1.dylib (3.24.0 - compatibility 3.0.0) <E71220D3-8015-38EC-B97D-7FDB383C2BDC> /usr/lib/libxslt.1.dylib
  0x7fff93a2d000 -     0x7fff93a3cff7  libxar-nossl.dylib (??? - ???) <A6ABBFB9-E4ED-38AD-BBBB-F9958B9CEFB5> /usr/lib/libxar-nossl.dylib
  0x7fff93d63000 -     0x7fff93e65fff  libxml2.2.dylib (10.3.0 - compatibility 10.0.0) <AFBB22B7-07AE-3F2E-B88C-70BEEBFB8A86> /usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib
  0x7fff9402e000 -     0x7fff949cca27  com.apple.CoreGraphics (1.600.0 - ???) <576777EA-921B-3D94-98C3-40A9CF8EBD18> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/CoreGraphics
  0x7fff949cd000 -     0x7fff94e94fff  FaceCoreLight (1.4.7 - compatibility 1.0.0) <BDD0E1DE-CF33-3AF8-B33B-4D1574CCC19D> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/FaceCoreLight.framework/Versions/A/FaceCoreLight
  0x7fff954e6000 -     0x7fff954edfff  com.apple.NetFS (4.0 - 4.0) <433EEE54-E383-3505-9154-45B909FD3AF0> /System/Library/Frameworks/NetFS.framework/Versions/A/NetFS
  0x7fff955cf000 -     0x7fff955d3fff  libCGXType.A.dylib (600.0.0 - compatibility 64.0.0) <35D606B1-7AD9-38E3-A2A9-E92B904BDDE8> /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libCGXType.A.dylib
  0x7fff95648000 -     0x7fff956cbfef  com.apple.Metadata (10.7.0 - 627.37) <B9BEB598-B6F2-3BFF-A8F3-C3C87CD076AB> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Metadata.framework/Versions/A/Metadata
  0x7fff956cc000 -     0x7fff956d1fff  libcache.dylib (47.0.0 - compatibility 1.0.0) <1571C3AB-BCB2-38CD-B3B2-C5FC3F927C6A> /usr/lib/system/libcache.dylib
  0x7fff956d2000 -     0x7fff956fbfff  com.apple.CoreVideo (1.7 - 70.3) <9A9D4058-9935-3B0A-B1A6-27EB78D02249> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo
  0x7fff95743000 -     0x7fff95745fff  com.apple.TrustEvaluationAgent (2.0 - 1) <1F31CAFF-C1C6-33D3-94E9-11B721761DDF> /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/TrustEvaluationAgent.framework/Versions/A/TrustEvaluationAgent
  0x7fff95787000 -     0x7fff957c7fe7  libGLImage.dylib (??? - ???) <0B7DAB2B-F1C6-39C7-B864-61EF683B6656> /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLImage.dylib
  0x7fff95802000 -     0x7fff95b1efff  com.apple.CoreServices.CarbonCore (960.25 - 960.25) <4FC1AB30-022C-3C67-AC46-FDCBFCB7EEDE> /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CarbonCore.framework/Versions/A/CarbonCore
  0x7fff9611d000 -     0x7fff9611dfff  com.apple.Cocoa (6.6 - ???) <7EC4D759-B2A6-3A99-AC75-809FED1500C6> /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa
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External Modification Summary:

Calls made by other processes targeting this process:
  task_for_pid: 2
  thread_create: 0
  thread_set_state: 0
Calls made by this process:
  task_for_pid: 0
  thread_create: 0
  thread_set_state: 0
Calls made by all processes on this machine:
  task_for_pid: 29684
  thread_create: 0
  thread_set_state: 0

VM Region Summary:
ReadOnly portion of Libraries: Total=152.0M resident=86.4M(57%) swapped_out_or_unallocated=65.6M(43%)
Writable regions: Total=129.5M written=26.5M(20%) resident=28.4M(22%) swapped_out=4K(0%) unallocated=101.0M(78%)

REGION TYPE VIRTUAL

can not run POV-Ray on ubuntu 14.04, boost 1.54,

./configure COMPILED_BY=”Dmitry <my>”

...

Libraries
---------
checking whether to link with cygwin DLL... no
checking whether to enable static linking... no
checking for the pthreads library -lpthreads... no
checking whether pthreads work without any flags... no
checking whether pthreads work with -Kthread... no
checking whether pthreads work with -kthread... no
checking for the pthreads library -llthread... no
checking whether pthreads work with -pthread... yes
checking for joinable pthread attribute... PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
checking if more special flags are required for pthreads... no
checking for boostlib >= 1.37... yes
checking whether the Boost::Thread library is available... yes
checking whether the boost thread library is usable... no
configure: error: in `/home/di/workspace2/povray-3.7-stable':
configure: error: cannot link with the boost thread library

log in attach file

Height=36084

[640×360, AA 0.3]
Width=640
Height=36084
Antialias=On
Antialias_Threshold=0.3

should be:

[640×360, AA 0.3]
Width=640
Height=360
Antialias=On
Antialias_Threshold=0.3

The following paraboloid renders correctly:

intersection
{ quadric { <1, 0, 1>, <0, 0, 0>, <0, 1, 0>, -1 }
  cylinder { 0, y, 1 }
}

However, when I extend the clipping cylinder downward:

intersection
{ quadric { <1, 0, 1>, <0, 0, 0>, <0, 1, 0>, -1 }
  cylinder { -y, y, 1 }
}

the object disappears completely in POV-Ray 3.7 and 3.7.1. In POV-Ray
3.6.1, it renders as expected.

POV-Ray 3.7.0.unofficial (self-compiled with g++ 4.8, but completely unaltered)
POV-Ray 3.7.1-alpha.8150025.unofficial
openSUSE 13.2 GNU/Linux

This scene file illustrates the problem:

// +w480 +h240
#version 3.6; //[sic]

global_settings { assumed_gamma 1 }

camera
{ location <0, 1, -7.5958>
  look_at <0, 1, 0>
  right 2 * x
  up y
  angle 43.1038
}

#default { finish { diffuse 0.6 ambient rgb 0.15618 } }

light_source
{ <-4.3125, 9.6250, -7.4695>,
  rgb 6856.3
  fade_power 2 fade_distance 0.10417
  spotlight point_at <0, 1, 0> radius 45 falloff 90
}

box
{ -<9, 11, 9>, <9, 11, 9>
  pigment { rgb 1 }
}

plane
{ y, 0
  pigment { checker rgb 0.05 rgb 1 }
}

intersection
{ quadric { <1, 0, 1>, <0, 0, 0>, <0, 1, 0>, -1 }
  cylinder { 0, y, 1 }
  pigment { green 0.5 }
  translate <-1.25, 1, 0>
}

intersection
{ quadric { <1, 0, 1>, <0, 0, 0>, <0, 1, 0>, -1 }
  cylinder { -y, y, 1 }
  pigment { green 0.5 }
  translate <1.25, 1, 0>
}

On the right side, there should have been a cylinder capped with a paraboloid. A thread has been started in povray.bugreports. Jerome has started to look at it.

#fopen directive w/o OPEN_TYPE (yeah, I forgot it, some other languages have ‘read’ as default value)

expected behavior:
Parse error msg “line XXX, OPEN_TYPE missing in #fopen directive”, then stop.

observed behavior:
crash - Segfault err (core dump) in Parsing stage

minimal working example attached

Trace level is not handled properly with blobs using per-component reflective or refractive textures, leading to lockups. Stepping through the code, it seems that POV-Ray fails to properly mark the blob object as increasing the trace level.

(Until this bug is fixed, the issue can be worked around in most cases by assigning a reflective texture to the blob as a whole.)