POV-Ray Bug Tracking System:

FS#227: Fixed Vector Limitations

Jim Holsenback — Wed, 16 Nov 2011 12:21:35 +0000

See this [[http://wiki.povray.org/content/Documentation:Reference_Section_4.3#Light_Sources|documentation entry]] for more details.

FS#320: Failed Assertion in image/image.cpp

Christian Friedl — Sat, 08 Mar 2014 15:06:06 +0000

Hi,

when I'm trying to render a scene on my MacBook Air with the following .ini-settings, I get a failed assertion and the program halts.

Here are the .ini-Settings:

Width=640
Height=480

Test_Abort=Off
Continue_Trace=On
Pause_When_Done=Off
Verbose=On
Draw_Vistas=Off
Sampling_Method=1
Quality=9
Jitter=Off
Display=Off
Buffer_Output=Off
Debug_File=false

Final_Frame=10

This is the failed assertion:

Assertion failed: (((x) < width) && ((y) < height)), function SetRGBFTValue, file image/image.cpp, l

Oddly, if I change width and height to something very small like 320x200, it works.

This is the complete stack trace:

Process: povray [11188]
Path: /opt/local/bin/povray
Identifier: povray
Version: ??? (???)
Code Type: X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process: bash [11184]

Date/Time: 2014-03-07 14:44:04.423 +0100
OS Version: Mac OS X 10.7.5 (11G63)
Report Version: 9

Interval Since Last Report: 708124 sec
Crashes Since Last Report: 23
Per-App Crashes Since Last Report: 21
Anonymous UUID: FB98BF62-1511-4E59-94F3-E89C04491CA5

Crashed Thread: 3

Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000

Application Specific Information:
objc[11188]: garbage collection is OFF
Assertion failed: (((x) < width) && ((y) < height)), function SetRGBFTValue, file image/image.cpp, line 1827.

Thread 0:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90454274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 povray 0x000000010eba589d bool boost::condition_variable_any::do_wait_until(boost::unique_lock&, timespec const&) + 77
3 povray 0x000000010eba0846 vfe::vfeSession::GetStatus(bool, int) + 198
4 povray 0x000000010ebc0147 SDL_main + 3511
5 povray 0x000000010ed4d621 -[SDLMain applicationDidFinishLaunching:] + 49
6 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc3ad0e __-[NSNotificationCenter addObserver:selector:name:object:]_block_invoke_1 + 47
7 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8fcda7ba _CFXNotificationPost + 2634
8 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc26fc3 -[NSNotificationCenter postNotificationName:object:userInfo:] + 65
9 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef08e2b -[NSApplication _postDidFinishNotification] + 212
10 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef08b91 -[NSApplication _sendFinishLaunchingNotification] + 78
11 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef07858 -[NSApplication(NSAppleEventHandling) _handleAEOpenEvent:] + 242
12 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef075b9 -[NSApplication(NSAppleEventHandling) _handleCoreEvent:withReplyEvent:] + 330
13 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x00007fff8fd24541 -[NSObject performSelector:withObject:withObject:] + 65
14 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc5d7c7 __-[NSAppleEventManager setEventHandler:andSelector:forEventClass:andEventID:]_block_invoke_1 + 101
15 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc5c74e -[NSAppleEventManager dispatchRawAppleEvent:withRawReply:handlerRefCon:] + 283
16 com.apple.Foundation 0x00007fff8bc5c5dc _NSAppleEventManagerGenericHandler + 105
17 com.apple.AE 0x00007fff91d02c25 aeDispatchAppleEvent(AEDesc const*, AEDesc*, unsigned int, unsigned char*) + 200
18 com.apple.AE 0x00007fff91d02b03 _ZL25dispatchEventAndSendReplyPK6AEDescPS_ + 38
19 com.apple.AE 0x00007fff91d029f7 aeProcessAppleEvent + 250
20 com.apple.HIToolbox 0x00007fff8a57bb69 AEProcessAppleEvent + 102
21 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef049c5 _DPSNextEvent + 1247
22 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef0407d -[NSApplication nextEventMatchingMask:untilDate:inMode:dequeue:] + 135
23 com.apple.AppKit 0x00007fff8ef009b9 -[NSApplication run] + 470
24 povray 0x000000010ed4dc40 main + 1280
25 povray 0x000000010eb78744 start + 52

Thread 1:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff961357e6 kevent + 10
1 libdispatch.dylib 0x00007fff8c8d6786 _dispatch_mgr_invoke + 923
2 libdispatch.dylib 0x00007fff8c8d5316 _dispatch_mgr_thread + 54

Thread 2:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96135036 __sigwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90406aab sigwait + 68
2 povray 0x000000010ebbe222 SignalHandler() + 66
3 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
4 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
5 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 3 Crashed:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134ce2 __pthread_kill + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904527d2 pthread_kill + 95
2 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90443a7a abort + 143
3 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904765de __assert_rtn + 146
4 povray 0x000000010ed2232b pov_base::RGBFTImage::SetRGBFTValue(unsigned int, unsigned int, float, float, float, float, float) + 171
5 povray 0x000000010ecf4d51 pov_frontend::ImageMessageHandler::DrawPixelBlockSet(pov_frontend::SceneData const&, pov_frontend::ViewData const&, POVMS_Object&) + 2529
6 povray 0x000000010eb98d46 pov_frontend::RenderFrontend::HandleImageMessage(pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::Id, unsigned int, POVMS_Object&) + 310
7 povray 0x000000010ece78a1 pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::ContinueBackup(POVMS_Object&, pov_frontend::ViewData&, pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::Id, int&, std::vector&, pov_base::Path const&) + 1265
8 povray 0x000000010eb92f01 pov_frontend::RenderFrontend::StartRender(pov_frontend::RenderFrontendBase::Id, POVMS_Object&) + 865
9 povray 0x000000010eb8f4a9 vfe::VirtualFrontEnd::Process() + 5129
10 povray 0x000000010eb9f46e vfe::vfeSession::ProcessFrontend() + 30
11 povray 0x000000010eb9fb8f vfe::vfeSession::WorkerThread() + 1279
12 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
13 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
14 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 4:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90454274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 povray 0x000000010eba589d bool boost::condition_variable_any::do_wait_until(boost::unique_lock&, timespec const&) + 77
3 povray 0x000000010eb87d26 vfe::SysQNode::Receive(int*, bool) + 214
4 povray 0x000000010ecf6e39 POVMS_ProcessMessages(void*, bool, bool) + 201
5 povray 0x000000010ebc34f3 (anonymous namespace)::MainThreadFunction(boost::function0 const&) + 259
6 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
7 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
8 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 5:
0 libsystem_kernel.dylib 0x00007fff96134bca __psynch_cvwait + 10
1 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90454274 _pthread_cond_wait + 840
2 povray 0x000000010ebd60f4 void boost::condition_variable_any::wait(boost::unique_lock&) + 68
3 povray 0x000000010ebd5ffd pov::TaskQueue::Process() + 1421
4 povray 0x000000010ec03088 pov::Scene::ParserControlThread() + 40
5 libboost_thread-mt.dylib 0x000000010f3a0814 thread_proxy + 132
6 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff904508bf _pthread_start + 335
7 libsystem_c.dylib 0x00007fff90453b75 thread_start + 13

Thread 3 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):
rax: 0x0000000000000000 rbx: 0x0000000000000006 rcx: 0x0000000112d74408 rdx: 0x0000000000000000
rdi: 0x0000000000006f03 rsi: 0x0000000000000006 rbp: 0x0000000112d74430 rsp: 0x0000000112d74408
r8: 0x00007fff7a13afb8 r9: 0x0000000000000723 r10: 0x00007fff96134d0a r11: 0xffffff80002dad60
r12: 0x000000010ed9fd23 r13: 0x000000010f3cb000 r14: 0x0000000112d75000 r15: 0x000000010ed9faf5
rip: 0x00007fff96134ce2 rfl: 0x0000000000000246 cr2: 0x000000010f3cb000
Logical CPU: 0

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External Modification Summary:
Calls made by other processes targeting this process:
task_for_pid: 2
thread_create: 0
thread_set_state: 0
Calls made by this process:
task_for_pid: 0
thread_create: 0
thread_set_state: 0
Calls made by all processes on this machine:
task_for_pid: 29684
thread_create: 0
thread_set_state: 0

VM Region Summary:
ReadOnly portion of Libraries: Total=152.0M resident=86.4M(57%) swapped_out_or_unallocated=65.6M(43%)
Writable regions: Total=129.5M written=26.5M(20%) resident=28.4M(22%) swapped_out=4K(0%) unallocated=101.0M(78%)

REGION TYPE VIRTUAL
=========== =======
CG backing stores 164K
CG shared images 3416K
CoreGraphics 16K
CoreServices 2588K
MALLOC 45.0M
MALLOC guard page 48K
Memory tag=242 12K
STACK GUARD 24K
Stack 66.5M
VM_ALLOCATE 16.1M
__CI_BITMAP 80K
__DATA 13.0M
__IMAGE 528K
__LINKEDIT 51.1M
__TEXT 100.9M
__UNICODE 544K
mapped file 32.3M
shared memory 308K
=========== =======
TOTAL 332.6M

Model: MacBookAir3,1, BootROM MBA31.0061.B07, 2 processors, Intel Core 2 Duo, 1.4 GHz, 4 GB, SMC 1.67f10
Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce 320M, NVIDIA GeForce 320M, PCI, 256 MB
Memory Module: BANK 0/DIMM0, 2 GB, DDR3, 1067 MHz, 0x80AD, 0x484D54333235533642465238412D47372020
Memory Module: BANK 1/DIMM0, 2 GB, DDR3, 1067 MHz, 0x80AD, 0x484D54333235533642465238412D47372020
AirPort: spairport_wireless_card_type_airport_extreme (0x14E4, 0xD1), Broadcom BCM43xx 1.0 (5.106.198.19.22)
Bluetooth: Version 4.0.8f17, 2 service, 11 devices, 1 incoming serial ports
Network Service: AirPort, AirPort, en0
Serial ATA Device: APPLE SSD TS128C, 121,33 GB
USB Device: FaceTime Camera (Built-in), apple_vendor_id, 0x850a, 0x24600000 / 2
USB Device: BRCM2070 Hub, 0x0a5c (Broadcom Corp.), 0x4500, 0x04500000 / 3
USB Device: Bluetooth USB Host Controller, apple_vendor_id, 0x821b, 0x04530000 / 5
USB Device: Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad, apple_vendor_id, 0x0243, 0x04300000 / 2

FS#335: macro works in variable but not in array

Mike H — Sat, 06 Feb 2016 02:01:05 +0000

This doesn't work:

#declare pavement_object = array[2]
{
object {trash_can_macro() scale 3/4 translate -x * 1/2},
object {potted_plant_macro(_CT_rand2) scale 3/4 scale 3/2 translate -x * 1/2}
}

This does work:

#declare trash_can_object = object {trash_can_macro()};
#declare potted_plant_object = object {potted_plant_macro(_CT_rand2)};
#declare pavement_object = array[2]
{
object {trash_can_object scale 3/4 translate -x * 1/2},
object {potted_plant_object scale 3/4 scale 3/2 translate -x * 1/2}
}

Logically, I cannot see a reason for this to be so.

FS#243: Sphere sweep behaves wrong when scaled

Simon — Sun, 27 May 2012 18:02:54 +0000

The sphere_sweep renders well when specified directly, but when it is scaled, its bounding box is calculated incorrectly, which clips the object so it almost disappears.

The effect is present for all three types of splines.

I'm attaching a test scene and the rendering result. The saving of the object with #declare has no effect, I just wanted to show both transformed and untransformed version.

I don't think this issue is related to other artifacts occuring with sphere_sweep, as it is obviously an issue of the internal bounding box.

FS#85: Aspect ratio issues

Juha Nieminen — Mon, 22 Mar 2010 16:28:43 +0000

=====Background=====

When rendering an image, there are actually three aspect ratios involved:

1) The aspect ratio of the camera, set with the up and right vectors.

2) The aspect ratio of the rendered image, set with the +W and +H parameters.

3) The aspect ratio of the pixels in the intended target medium. While this is very often 1:1, it's definitely not always so (anamorphic images are common in some media, such as DVDs).

The aspect ratio of the camera does not (and arguably should not, although some people might disagree) define the aspect ratio of the image resolution, but the aspect ratio of the image as shown on the final medium. In other words, it defines how the image should be displayed, not what the resolution of the image should be.

This of course means that the aspect ratio of the target medium pixels has to be taken into account when specifying the image resolution. If the target medium pixels are not 1:1 (eg. when rendering for a medium with non-square pixels, or when rendering an anamorphic image eg. for a DVD), the proper resolution has to be specified so that the aspect ratio of the displayed image remains the same as the one specified in the camera block.

This isn't generally a problem. It usually goes like "my screen is physically 4:3, so I design my scene for that aspect ratio, but the resolution of my screen is mxn which is not 4:3, but that doesn't matter; I just render with +Wm +Hn and I get a correct image for my screen".

However, problems start when someone renders an image using an image aspect ratio / pixel aspect ratio combination which does not match the camera aspect ratio. By far the most common situation is rendering a scene with a 4:3 camera for a screen with square pixels but with a non-4:3 resolution (most typically 16:9 or 16:10 nowadays). The image will be horizontally
stretched.

In a few cases the effect is the reverse: The scene (and thus the camera) has been designed for some less-typical aspect ratio, eg. a cinematic 2.4:1 aspect ratio, but then someone renders the image with a 4:3 resolution. The resulting image will be horizontally squeezed.

In a few cases this is actually the correct and desired behavior, ie. when you are really rendering the image in an anamorphic format (eg. for a DVD). However, often it's an inadverted mistake.

Some people argue that this default behavior should be changed. However, there are also good arguments why it should //not// be changed. Some argue that POV-Ray should have more features (at the SDL level, at the command-line level or both) to control this behavior.

There are several possible situations, which is why this issue is so complicated. These situations may include:

- The scene author doesn't really care what aspect ratio is used to render the image, even if it means that additional parts of the scenery become visible or parts are cropped away when using a different aspect ratio than what he used.

In this case the choice of camera aspect ratio should be up to the person who renders the image, and thus selectable on the command-line. However, he should have an easy choice of how changing the aspect ratio affects the image: Should it extend the viewing range, or should it crop part of it, compared to the original?

And this, of course, while still making it possible to render for an anamorphic format.

- The author wants to support different aspect ratios, but he wants to control precisely how it affects the composition of the image. Maybe he never wants anything cropped away within certain limits, but instead the image should always be extended in whichever direction is necessary due to the aspect ratio. Or maybe he wants to allow cropping the image, but only up to a certain point. Or whatever.

In this case the choice of camera aspect ratio should be up to the author, and thus selectable in the scene file, while still allowing some changes from the command-line.

- The author designed his scene for a precise aspect ratio and nothing else, and doesn't want the image to be rendered in any other aspect ratio. Maybe he used some very peculiar aspect ratio (eg. something like 1:2, ie. twice as tall as wide) for artistic composition reasons, and wants the image rendered with that aspect ratio, period.

Perhaps the author should be able to completely forbid the change of camera aspect ratio in the command-line.

Of course anamorphic rendering should still be supported for targets with a different pixel aspect ratio.

=====Possible solution=====

This solution does not necessarily address all the problems described above perfectly, but could be a good starting point for more ideas:

Add a way to specify in the camera block minimum and maximum limits for the horizontal and vertical viewing angles (and if any of them is unspecified, it's unlimited). Of course for this to be useful in any way, there should also be a way to change the camera and pixel aspect ratios from the command line.

The idea with this is that the author of the scene can use these angle limits to define a rectangular "protected zone" at the center of the view, using the minimum angle limits. In other words, no matter how the camera aspect ratio is modified, the horizontal and/or vertical viewing angles will never get smaller than these minimum angles. This ensures that the image will never be cropped beyond a certain limit, only extended either horizontally or vertically to ensure that the "protected zone" always remains fully visible regardless of what aspect ratio is used.

The maximum angles can be used for the reverse: They ensure that no scenery beyond a certain point will ever become visible, no matter what aspect ratio is used. This can be used to make sure that unmodelled parts of the scene never come into view. Thus the image will always be cropped to ensure this, depending on the aspect ratio.

I'm not completely sure what should be done if //both// minimum and maximum angles are specified, and the user specifies an aspect ratio which would break these limits. An error message could be a possibility. At least it would be a way for the author to make sure his scene is never rendered using an aspect ratio he doesn't want. He can use these angle limits to give some leeway how much the aspect ratio can change, to an extent, or he could even force a specific aspect ratio and nothing else (by specifying that both the minimum and maximum angles are the same).

So in short:

- Add a "minimum/maximum horizontal/vertical angles" feature to the camera block. These can be used to define a "protected zone" in the image which must not be breached by command-line options.

- Add a command-line syntax to change the camera aspect ratio (which automatically obeys the "protected zone" settings). Could perhaps give an error message if the command-line options break the limits in the scene camera.

- Add a command-line syntax to specify a pixel aspect ratio other than 1:1. This can be used to render anamorphic versions of the image on purpose (iow. not by mistake).

This can probably be made backwards-compatible in that if none of these new features are used, the behavior could be the same as currently (or at least similar).

FS#264: Improve precision of photon direction information

Christoph Lipka — Fri, 04 Jan 2013 23:39:42 +0000

In the photons map, the direction of each photon is stored as separate latitude & longitude angles (encoded in one byte each), causing the longitudinal direction component's precision to be unnecessarily high for directions close to the "poles" (Y axis); in addition, encoded value -128 is never used. For better overall precision as well as precision homogenity, the following scheme could be used instead:

* Encode the latitude (-pi/2 to +pi/2) into LatCount=226 distinct values (= 256*sqrt(pi)/2) rounded to the next even number) from 0 to LatCount-1 using

latCode = (int)((LatCount-1) * (lat/M_PI + 0.5) + 0.5)

* For each latitude code, define a specific number of encodable longitude values, LngCount[latCode] = approx. cos(lat)*pi*65536/(2*LatCount); this can be a pre-computed table, and may need slight tweaking for optimum use of the code space. Encode the longitude (-pi to +pi) into a value from 0 to (LngCount[lat]-1) using

LC = LngCount[latCode];
lngCode = (int)(LC * (lng/(2*M_PI) + 0.5) + 0.5) % LC;

* Besides LngCount[latCode], also store the sum of LngCount[i] with i < latCode as LatBase[latCode]; encode the direction as

dirCode = LatBase[latCode] + lngCode;

* For decoding, a simple lookup from a precomputed list of directions could be used (2^15 entries, i.e. one hemisphere, will suffice). To conserve space, direction vectors could be scaled by (2^N-1) and stored as (N+1)-bit signed integer triples rather than floating point values; due to the limited precision of the lat/long information, 8 bits per coordinate might be enough, giving a table size of 96k. A full double-precision table would require 786k instead.

FS#245: POVMS message queue can fill up with GB of data for very fast renders

Thorsten Fröhlich — Sat, 16 Jun 2012 14:42:44 +0000

With very fast renders and very large output files, the message queue can fill up because the producers are not limited by IO, while the consumer performance is limited by disk IO. Consequently, the message queue can fill up to exhaust all available memory. The solution is to build in some better control of pending output data in the message queue on the producer side. This will also pave the way for message communication over slow links (i.e. a network).

FS#334: HLS colors

Mike H — Sat, 23 Jan 2016 00:21:39 +0000

It would be nice to be able to specify colors in HLS as well as RGB.

Currently, you can use a macor to convert individual colors. But this does not work in color_maps where you want smooth gradations/interpolations between two or several colors.

FS#282: Unrendered region should be transparent, not black

Timwi — Sun, 24 Mar 2013 13:12:29 +0000

When rendering only a region of a file, using the command-line options +sc/+sr/+ec/+er, the area of the image that is excluded comes out as black in the final PNG.

Expected behaviour is for it to be transparent.

FS#20: render window behavior

Tim Attwood — Sun, 10 May 2009 02:44:14 +0000

When changing the behavior of the render window, "Keep above main", requires restarting the POV editor to take effect. It would be nice either to get a warning to restart, or to get it to work without restarting.